{"id":496,"date":"2014-11-17T16:31:50","date_gmt":"2014-11-17T23:31:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/?p=496"},"modified":"2019-07-21T09:28:51","modified_gmt":"2019-07-21T15:28:51","slug":"witness-impeachment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/witness-impeachment\/","title":{"rendered":"Witness Impeachment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/witness-impeachment\/#Witness_Impeachment\" >Witness Impeachment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/witness-impeachment\/#1_Bias\" >1.\u00a0 Bias<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/witness-impeachment\/#2_Inconsistent_statement\" >2.\u00a0 Inconsistent statement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/witness-impeachment\/#3_Contradiction\" >3.\u00a0 Contradiction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/witness-impeachment\/#4_Competency\" >4.\u00a0 Competency<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/witness-impeachment\/#5_Character\" >5.\u00a0 Character<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Witness_Impeachment\"><\/span>Witness Impeachment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Under the law of <strong>evidence<\/strong>, <strong>witness<\/strong> <strong>impeachment<\/strong> is the process of calling into question the <strong>credibility<\/strong> of a person serving as a witness.\u00a0\u00a0 Federal <strong>Rules of Evidence<\/strong> (FRE) govern witness <strong>testimony<\/strong> in Federal courts.\u00a0 State Rules of Evidence govern witness testimony in state <a href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/ABC_logo_120x80.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"alignleft wp-image-249 size-full\" src=\"data:image\/gif,GIF89a%01%00%01%00%80%00%00%00%00%00%FF%FF%FF%21%F9%04%01%00%00%00%00%2C%00%00%00%00%01%00%01%00%00%02%01D%00%3B\" data-layzr=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/ABC_logo_120x80.jpg\" alt=\"ABC Legal Docs logo\" width=\"120\" height=\"80\" \/><\/a>courts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">State laws are based on the <strong>common law<\/strong> of <strong>England<\/strong>, except for Louisiana, where the law is based on French law, which comes from Roman law.\u00a0 Common law remains in effect, except where it has been revised or replaced by enacted <strong>legislation<\/strong> or court <strong>case law<\/strong>.\u00a0 In <strong>Colorado<\/strong>, the <strong>Common Law<\/strong> of England was adopted in 1861 when <strong>Colorado Territory<\/strong> was formed.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An <strong>eyewitness<\/strong> may be called to serve as a <strong>fact witness<\/strong>.\u00a0 A fact witness may <strong>testify<\/strong> about what he\/she personally observed by the use of his\/her <strong>senses<\/strong> (sight, sound, taste, touch, smell).<\/p>\n<p class=\"comment-body\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Traditional common law prohibits any manner of compensation to a fact witness.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"comment-body\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">A party may <strong>discredit<\/strong> a witness by <strong>evidence<\/strong> that <strong>impeaches<\/strong> the <strong>credibility<\/strong> of the witness.\u00a0 There are several categories that may be used for witness impeachment.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"comment-body\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Bias\"><\/span><strong>1.\u00a0 Bias<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"comment-body\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">A witness may be impeached due to <strong>bias<\/strong> that may <strong>taint<\/strong> the testimony, including a <strong>relationship<\/strong> by blood or marriage, <strong>loyalty<\/strong>, <strong>affiliation<\/strong>, prejudice, religious beliefs or opinions, or a <strong>financial interest<\/strong>, <strong>tip<\/strong>, <strong>gift<\/strong>, <strong>bribe<\/strong>, <strong>favor<\/strong> or another benefit\u00a0from a transaction or the <strong>outcome<\/strong> in a court case.<\/p>\n<p class=\"comment-body\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">A witness may also be biased due to <strong>fear<\/strong>, <strong>threats<\/strong> or <strong>intimidation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Inconsistent_statement\"><\/span><span id=\"Inconsistent_statement\" class=\"mw-headline\">2.\u00a0 Inconsistent statement<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Witness impeachment may occur when <strong>prior statements<\/strong>, made under penalty of <strong>perjury<\/strong>, are <strong>inconsistent<\/strong> with current statements made by the witness.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Contradiction\"><\/span><span id=\"Contradiction\" class=\"mw-headline\">3.\u00a0 Contradiction<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If a witness makes <strong>contradictory statements<\/strong> during testimony, the credibility may be impeached.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Competency\"><\/span><span id=\"Competency\" class=\"mw-headline\">4.\u00a0 Competency<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lack of <strong>mental capacity<\/strong> is another way to impeach a witness.\u00a0 Or, evidence that the <strong>senses<\/strong> of the witness were <strong>obstructed<\/strong> or <strong>impaired<\/strong>, such as hearing or vision problems, or a witness who was intoxicated.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Character\"><\/span>5.\u00a0 Character<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Witness impeachment may occur by demonstrating &#8220;bad&#8221; <strong>character<\/strong> regarding <strong>truthfulness<\/strong>.\u00a0 The witness may have a <strong>reputation<\/strong> as a <strong>liar<\/strong>, or a <strong>prior conviction<\/strong> of a crime involving <strong>dishonesty<\/strong> or <strong>false statement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If a witness is required to sign a <strong>document<\/strong>, it is wise to choose an honest, credible, competent witness, with <strong>no financial or beneficial interest<\/strong>,\u00a0 to avoid any appearance of <strong>bias<\/strong>, <strong>impropriety<\/strong> or risk witness <strong>impeachment<\/strong>.\u00a0 The motivation of the witness must be to tell the <strong>truth<\/strong>, not <strong>personal gain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"comment-body\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">A <strong>notary<\/strong> must be a neutral, impartial witness to a notarized document or notarial act, and may receive the <strong>notary fees<\/strong> allowed by law.\u00a0 A notary is not responsible for locating a witness if needed to sign a document.\u00a0 The customer should locate a witness if needed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"comment-body\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">[Disclaimer:\u00a0 This article is for educational use only and shall not be used or considered as legal advice.\u00a0 Read the Federal and state laws and Rules of Evidence.\u00a0 For legal advice, consult with a licensed, competent attorney.]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Colorado Notary Training<\/strong> teaches the required elements to help the notary avoid <strong>errors<\/strong> and <strong>omissions<\/strong> and provide good <strong>customer service<\/strong> to the public.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Visit our website for <a href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Colorado Springs Mobile Notary<\/strong><\/a> services or <a href=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/Colorado_Notary_Training.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Colorado Notary Training<\/strong><\/a> classes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a9 Copyright 2014 ABC Legal Docs, LLC All rights reserved. Do not copy. Citations welcome. Terms of Use apply.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Witness Impeachment Under the law of evidence, witness impeachment is the process of calling into question the credibility of a person serving as a witness.\u00a0\u00a0 Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) govern witness testimony in Federal courts.\u00a0 State Rules of Evidence govern witness testimony in state courts. State laws are based on the common law of England, except for Louisiana, where the law is based on French law, which comes from Roman law.\u00a0 Common law remains in effect, except where it has been revised or replaced by enacted legislation or court case law.\u00a0 In Colorado, the Common Law of England was <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1091,12],"tags":[769,766,770,484,515,771,762,765,50,763,764,768,760,761,5,51,767,351,22],"class_list":["post-496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-colorado-law","category-notary-law","tag-benefit","tag-bias","tag-character","tag-common-law","tag-competence","tag-conviction","tag-credibility","tag-discredit","tag-evidence","tag-eyewitness","tag-fact-witness","tag-financial-interest","tag-impeach","tag-impeachment","tag-notary","tag-perjury","tag-taint","tag-testimony","tag-witness","has_thumb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - 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